Vonnegut An Outlook On Fate - 1477 Words

Christopher Friedrichs Mr. Carroll English IV AP 10/26/15 Vonnegut: An Outlook on Fate In Kurt Vonnegut’s classic fiction novel, Slaughterhouse Five, we experience the horrors of war through the eyes of fictional character Billy Pilgrim, and their effect on him. Pilgrim, who was a POW in Dresden during the firebombing, is obviously impacted by the war, like many others who experience combat. By channelling his own experiences into Billy Pilgrim, Vonnegut explores his belief in the inevitability of our fate, and the effects of war on the human psyche. Vonnegut blends his own life story with historical fact to create a believable and accessible tale that helps validate his experiences as well as comment on the pointless atrocities man commits against his fellow beings. It is quite obvious that Vonnegut intended to model characters in his novel after real life people, and the events, at least initially, after ones that actually took place. The first narrative voice we hear from in the opening pages of Slaughterhouse Five is a clear indicator of this. Billy begins his tale with, â€Å"All this happened, more or less. The war parts, anyway, are pretty much true...I ve changed all the names.† (Vonnegut 5). Although it is obviously Billy speaking, Vonnegut is at the same time introducing the events that follow as his experiences, and gives our first hint that Billy’s character is based on himself. If we dig deeper into some of the references he makes, we find that not only doShow MoreRelatedWar Destruction on Combatents in Kurt Vonnegut ´s Slaughterhouse- Five1776 Words   |  7 Pagesforced to fight overseas despite the rough conditions he will face. Billy joins his regiment as â€Å"it [is] in the process of being destroyed by Germans† (Vonnegut 40), and Vonnegut’s description of Billy accentuates his lack of preparation. He is given very little combat training, ill-fitting clothes, and is not even supplied with a firearm (Vonnegut 41). From the beginning, Billy is isolated from the other troops in a way because he is not as well prepared as the others. During a scouting mission afterRead MoreWhat is The Meaning of Free Will in Life Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pages Free will is the idea in which individuals can have the power of acting without the constraint of necessity or fate, and this idea of free will served as a prevalent theme in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five. Vonnegut illustrates the absurdity of no free will in Pilgrim’s world through the book’s nonlinear structure and unorganized plot. The novel is constructed as a series of inconsistent flashbacks and future incidents through the eyes of the protagonist, Billy Pilgrim. Billy Pilgrim is ableRead MoreSlaughterhouse Five By Kurt Vonnegut979 Words   |  4 PagesSlaughterhouse-five Kurt Vonnegut combines satire, imagery and an anecdotal style to talk about complex issues such as science, religion, sex, socialism, pacifism and tradition. He used his writing to convey messages and warnings to society about these issues. Slaughterhouse-five is one of his most well known novels. In this novel Vonnegut uses fiction to portray shadowy truths about human nature. Billy pilgrim is the main focus of Slaughterhouse-five; through him and other characters Vonnegut portrays his beliefsRead MorePeople Allow Adversity To Rid Them Of Hope. Slaughterhouse-Five1869 Words   |  8 PagesPeople allow adversity to rid them of hope. Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut highlights the pitfalls of mankind in their perception of love, death, war, and societal norms through the unusually clear lenses of Billy Pilgrim. Pilgrim’s acceptance towards life relieves him of the weight of the world; however, even Pilgrim is unable to remain indifferent about war. Billy Pilgrim encounter with the Tralfamadorians granted him an extraterrestrial way of thinking. Billy Pilgrim’s profession as anRead More Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse-Five and Breakfast of Champions3313 Words   |  14 Pagesrampages? Perhaps Kurt Vonnegut did. Could it be possible that a writer known more for his pictures of assholes than his knowledge of advanced physics actually centered some of the deepest concepts in his works on the philosophical implications of general relativity and quantum mechanics? Two of his greatest novels, Slaughterhouse-Five and Breakfast of Champions, both seem to hint at the relationship between modern physics and an idea philosophers call determinism. Vonnegut readers might well scratchRead MoreCritical Book Review of Slaughterhouse Five2406 Words   |  10 PagesSlaughterhouse Five, Kurt Vonnegut explains his experience of the World War II bombing of Dresden, Germany. Vonneguts creative antiwar novel shows the audience the hardships of the life of a soldier through his writing technique. Slaughterhouse Five is written circularl y, and time travel is ironically the only consistency throughout the book. Vonnegut outlines the life of Billy Pilgrim, whose life and experiences are uncannily similar to those of Vonnegut. In Chapter 1, Kurt Vonnegut non-fictionally describes

Clinical Practice Guidelines Analysis

Question: Discuss about the clinical practice guidelines. Answer: Introduction Logically recognised declarations to maintain medical experts and patients selections about appropriate health care for certain circumstances is known as clinical practice guidelines. They are intended to recommend instructions for providing improved healthcare. The most noteworthy benefit of CPGs is the potential to improvement both the supremacy and system of healthcare and patients result. Application of values of doubtful rationality can lead to the custom of unusable interferences, wasteful usage of valuable capitals and abuse of patients. Configuring suitable guidelines can be intimidating. Every work should be prepared to identify stratagems that have been methodically enhanced and approved for practice. Evaluation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) Evaluating CPGs for Mary Pierces recovery is very much vital. Correct guiding principle must be selected for improving her daily living activities and mental state (Moatti, 2014). The major objective of CPGs for the management of stroke rehabilitation is to deliver scientific data base for practice intervention and evaluation. Purpose and scope The whole concept of the guidelines and associated matters must be specifically described. The category of patient or well-being topic to whom this guideline will be useful is a crucial determination. The goal of this CPG is to avert difficulty of stroke for pregnant women and delivering headship in a rehabilitation setting. Another aim is to build an interdisciplinary team to evaluate guidelines and distribution of work between team associates can lessen the bias in the valuation process and intensified awareness of guidelines (Hollon et al., 2014). Choosing proper clinical practice guidelines for managing a sensitive case like Mary Pierce, a team effort is better than individual decision making. Stakeholders involvement During the clinical practice guideline appraisal procedure, when it is originated on behalf of a medical crew, the subsequent summary of recommendation should be given to experts, multiple stakeholders and organizational policy developer for appraisal and review. It is also suggested even if a single guideline is accepted (Tate and Bushnell, 2011). Looking for feedback on the suggested guidelines guarantees that persons intended to practice the guidelines have a scope to analysis the manuscript and detect potential complications for application before it is finalized (Moreau et al., 2013). It can confirm that recommendations from prevailing guiding principles have not been occupied out of background or adapted inaptly. The total process will make sure that appropriate CPGs have been taken for the management of Mary Pierces rehabilitation. Clarity of the guidelines Motivational guidelines and counselling is vital for lifestyle improvement the patient. Mary Pierce has to recover soon not only for her but also for her new-born baby. Clarified clinical guidelines can help her for effective recovery (Sockolow, 2014). As for Mary Pierce, CPGs should include details of visual examinations as she experienced visual loss in one eye. Computer aided visual restitution can be used to improve visual function. Her difficulty in walking should be given the chance of practising walk under observation. Constraint-induced movement therapy and repetitive task-specific assisted training must be included in CPGs for upper limb activity. Activities of daily living (ADL) included in CPGs should be noticeably described and important recommendations must be easily identifiable. As stated by Sockolow (2014), these recommendations should answer the central queries that have been covered by the guidelines and can be recognized in different ways. Rigour of development Superior clinical results are attained when stroke patients are treated in a situation that offers coordinated, multidisciplinary stroke associated guideline evaluation and amenities (Langhorne, 2011). The trained medical team, well-organized facilities and earlier implementation of clinical practice guideline interventions are essential constituents in cases like Mary Pierce. According to Alfaro-LeFevre, (2015) all guiding principles that meet the appropriate standards should be salvaged. Since the evaluation practise is grounded on the evidence described by guideline creators, all appropriate documents connected to the CPG building method should be retrieved. In some cases, the available documents can have marginal information about the development route as that information is obtainable from elsewhere. The health advantages, side effects, and hazards should be considered in formulating the recommendations (Langhorne, 2011). Applicability of the guidelines Pregnancy related stroke recovery guideline recommends the use of validated and standardized methods in evaluating stroke patients (Party, 2012). Mary Pierces tolerance for therapy will depend on several factors including her degree of recovery of the stroke, mental status, medical stability and ADL. Her family members are essential part of the recovery process. The family members should be well informed about her CPGs.The patient and her family should be given information and an opportunity to learn about the causes, consequences and potential complications of stroke during pregnancy; aims, progression and prognosis of rehabilitation. Key concepts of critical appraisal for CPGs Clinical practice guideline plays perilous roles in regulating the evidence-based clinical practice inpregnancy related stroke and rehabilitation. Clinical practice guidelines should be established by means of thorough evidence-based practice. Nurses should have the skill and understanding to critically appraise the guidelines before applying it to the care of their patients. Studies show that CPG for the introduction of innovative care improves shared decision making and amend its social cognitive correlates (Lgar and Witteman, 2013). Examples of medical zones where first choices of clinician and patient have been fruitfully assimilated into clinical practice guidelines include stroke rehabilitation, different cancer treatment and the ICU (Van der Weijden et al., 2013). But unwanted variations must be avoided. The most common initiative to decrease undesirable variation in clinical practice is the advancement and implementation of CPG, clinical protocol and data-based pathway.Implem entation of guidelines needs to be sustained by training, infrastructure, evidence support, promotion, authorisation and incentives or penalties to inspire guideline application. Initiative to raise finest practice and diminish unwarranted variation need local, state-wide and national approaches. Applicability, facilitators, barriers and influences on application of CPGs CPGs for Mary Pierces condition are taken after detailed evaluation of every aspects. It so be acceptable for all medical experts, Mary Pierce herself and her family members. Factors regarding the implication of CPGs like individual and team attitude, perceptions, knowledge, essential resources, effective leadership and organizational culture can have both facilitating or barrier influences. Lack of evidence based system can be the major barrier for implementation of CPGs. The chief cause identified was the time required to find appropriate guidelines and the resources necessary to implement them. Therefore, a readily available online database of clinical practice guidelines is regarded as a major facilitator. In addition the CPGs must be easily comprehend by all (Jun et al., 2016). Conclusion Clinical practice guidelines have the latent to enhance the course of care as well as patients outcome. Yet, the advantageous properties of CPGs are dependent on effective implementation. A clinical organisation can move towards open usage of evidence in practice by accepting prevailing guidelines or by adaptation of current guidelines. Use of a demanding and clear route for recognizing, evaluating, and acclimatizing guidelines is vital as practice guidelines are fundamentally manifold interventions and the conclusions prepared can have impact on both patients and caregivers. This piece of article describes the significance of CPGs for pregnancy related stroke management. References agreecollaboration.org (2016). Alfaro-LeFevre, R., Msn, R. N. (2015).Critical Thinking, Clinical Reasoning and Clinical Judgment: A Practical Approach, Pageburst E-book on Kno. Elsevier Health Sciences. Hollon, S. D., Aren, P. A., Craske, M. G., Crawford, K. A., Kivlahan, D. R., Magnavita, J. J., ... Galper, D. I. (2014). Development of clinical practice guidelines.Annual review of clinical psychology,10, 213-241. Jun, J., Kovner, C. T., Stimpfel, A. W. (2016). Barriers and facilitators of nurses use of clinical practice guidelines: An integrative review.International Journal of Nursing Studies,60, 54-68. Langhorne, P., Bernhardt, J., Kwakkel, G. (2011). Stroke rehabilitation. The Lancet,377(9778), 1693-1702. Lgar, F., Witteman, H. O. (2013). Shared decision making: examining key elements and barriers to adoption into routine clinical practice.Health Affairs,32(2), 276-284. Moatti, Z., Gupta, M., Yadava, R., Thamban, S. (2014). A review of stroke and pregnancy: incidence, management and prevention.European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology,181, 20-27. Moreau, P., San Miguel, J., Ludwig, H., Schouten, H., Mohty, M., Dimopoulos, M. (2013). Clinical practice guidelines.Annals of oncology,1(5), 00. Party, I. S. W. (2012). National clinical guideline for stroke. Sockolow, P. S., Rogers, M., Bowles, K. H., Hand, K. E., George, J. (2014). Challenges and facilitators to nurse use of a guideline-based nursing information system: Recommendations for nurse executives.Applied Nursing Research,27(1), 25-32. Tate, J., Bushnell, C. (2011). Pregnancy and stroke risk in women.Women's health,7(3), 363-374. Van der Weijden, T., Pieterse, A. H., Koelewijn-van Loon, M. S., Knaapen, L., Lgar, F., Boivin, A., ... Elwyn, G. (2013). How can clinical practice guidelines be adapted to facilitate shared decision making? A qualitative key-informant.

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and Courage Essay Example

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and Courage Essay Courage In most stories, there is always the hero whom is not afraid to face challenges and defeat the bad guy. That hero is acting out of courage. They do whatever they can to save the day, regardless of what may happen to them. This is what most people think of when they hear the word courage, but to me, it is this and so, so much more. Courage is not knowing what the outcome might be, and still going through with that plan. Courage is standing up for what is right, regardless of what those consequences might be. Courage is daring, bravery, nerve, and valor. Its facing your fears and conquering your demons. Its the strength you have to keep going when you Just want to give up. Courage is more than Just physical bravery, it is something that comes from within. Courage reminds me of the books I grew up reading where good always conquers evil. One series in particular, Harry Potter, comes to mind when I think of courage. I think of the Harry Potter series when I think of courage because there are so many characters in those books that exemplify what it truly means to be brave and courageous. Three characters come to mind when I think of courage in the last book in the series. The first character is Neville Longbottom. We will write a custom essay sample on Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and Courage specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and Courage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and Courage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Throughout the series, readers watch his character grow from this shy young boy, into a man who stands up to the darkest wizard of all time. When everyone else was ready to give up, he spoke out against Voldemort saying he wouldnt stop fghting. That took an immense amount of courage to do. The second character I think about when I think of courage is Severus Snape. Throughout the books he is portrayed as a dark and mysterious man, and readers are often led to believe he is evil up until the last book. In the Deathly Hallows, readers come to learn that Snape had been protecting Harry the ntire time. Snape had been Jeopardizing his own life to save Harry, knowing he might face a fatal death if he was ever caught being a double agent by Voldemort. This shows him as being courageous because he risked his life to save another mans life. Last but not least, I think of Harry Potter when I think of courage. His entire character is comprised of him acting out of courage. Every book in the series has his character doing something courageous. He overcomes every obstacle thrown at him, and saves the wizarding world in the end. Though I do think of these things when I hink of courage, there is more to courage than being the hero in a story. Acting impulsively takes courage. When you dont know what the outcome will be, and you still continue on with what you are doing, you are acting out of courage. Being courageous is going on an adventure, or being daring enough to try something new. Trying new foods takes courage, and so does making new friends. Courage is taking a chance every once in a while. Courage is taking a step forward and not knowing where you might end up. Courage is standing up for what you believe to be right and not caring about the consequences. It is taking a chance by facing opposition knowing you could be persecuted for it. Courage is acting in accordance stand your ground and keep fghting for what is right, though others run away. When I was a Junior in high school, kids used to always pick on this kid names Alex for being special Ed. I had never paid much attention until one day I could actually hear them making fun of him. The worst part to me had been he didnt even realize they were doing it. I ended up confronting them and the kids were so shocked that they had no idea how to respond. I stood up for this kid that I had never had a conversation with n my life because I felt it was the right thing to do. I didnt care what would happen in return, I Just wanted them to stop bullying the kid. The kids ended up leaving him alone and avoiding me, and I never saw them bully anyone after that. To me, that took a great amount of courage because I knew there was a chance they would bully me afterword, but all that mattered was that I kept them from bullying Alex. In the first paragraph I chose the words bravery, daring, nerve, and valor to say what courage is. Bravery to me is a willingness to face dangers that may come into your life without fear. In this way I feel courage and bravery can almost be synonymous. And one who has courage, or is brave, tends to be daring as well. To be daring is to be adventuresome, and to be daring is to also be bold. A daring person has the nerve to do the things others are too afraid to attempt. A daring person also has valor. Valor also goes hand in hand with courage because it is what enables a person to face a challenge or danger in their life with a firmness. All of these words relate to courage because a courageous person encompasses these things within them as well. Sometimes the hardest thing to do is facing your fears. Most people opt to take the easy way out, running away. But those people who face their fears head on, and conquer them, are courageous. They overcame something that frightened them, and that is never an easy thing to do. It is one thing to be fearless, and another to overcome a fear. If a person is fearless, there is no courage present in the first place. Courage is facing your inner demon and not backing down. Courage is strength. Courage is standing up to your enemies, and standing up to your friends. Courage is the ability to admit you are wrong, and ask what the right answer is. Courage is alking to a new person even though you have social anxiety. Courage is the fght within us that keeps us pushing past our fears, and enables us to overcome them and learn from them. It is moving forward, passing through the pit stops in your life, overcoming the obstacles, taking those chances while you still have them. Courage is knowing you made mistakes and learning from them. Courage is not the absence of fear, but the conquering of it. Courage is having fears and anxiety pushing past them to better yourself. Courage is what gives us the strength to keep going when we Just want to give up. It is the fght we have imbedded in us to overcome anything that gets in our way. It is something that comes from within us and it is part of what makes us who we are. Courage is what keeps us going. It takes courage to keep moving forward when life gets rough, and it takes courage to take chances in life. Most things in life require us to be courageous at some point or another. For some people it takes courage to ask a girl on a date, for others, its as easy as snapping their fingers. Courage is different for every person. When I think of courage, I think of a little kid who is going to their first do. And that takes courage.

buy custom Homeland Security essay

buy custom Homeland Security essay The primary purpose of this paper is to look at communication and organization challenges facing homeland security. First, the essay will outline the context of the problem or challenge, including the history and any policy decisions that have contributed to the situation. Secondly, it will highlight the importance of the problem, and then identify who is impacted internally and externally. Lastly, an explanation why the problem has not already been solved will be provided (Nakaya, 2005). Homeland security was conceived in 2003 after the 9/11 terrorist attacks that hit the United States. The main purpose of the organization was to protect the citizens of America form terrorism through responding to natural disasters and securing its borders. As such, the organization has grown to be one of the largest U. S. government arm. The organization is large in size since its operations range from national disaster response to airport security and border monitoring. As such, the organization needs qualified personnel and good communication channels in order to meet its prime objectives. Basically, homeland security faces the challenge of lack of communication and organization. In 2006, there was Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana and the organization was responsible for the disaster handling. In this case, the organization was criticized, because they lacked the right personnel to handle such disasters and had poor management effectiveness. The destruction that resulted from the Hurricane Katrina was attributed to communication failure. The lack of proper communication caused destruction in Louisiana and a huge loss of lives. The responding personnel failed to coordinate search and rescue operations effectively due to a poor communication. There was also lack of immediate assistance and supplies from other states. The organization also had not enough state-of-the art communication equipment. With advancement in technologies there has been an increase in depedence and expectations on communication. Organizations should implement complex processes that seek to enhance efficiency of communication network. Nowadays, organizations rely on websites, social sites, and emails to improve communication, and such technological tools are regarded as an organizational way of life. Lack of communication affects all American citizens and government since they feel insecure and frustrated. In the Department of Homeland Security, lack of proper communication affects the reaction time, control and command, as well as efficiency of organizations for the period of a significant event. The government of the United States works tirelessly in order to overcome the challenge of lack of communication and organization. The effort is shown with a legislation of Communication Act in 2002. The legislation facilitates the establishment of a temporary radio station that is owned and run by the federal agency during significant disaster. The Act also empowers NCS to take on an emergency response, reinstallation, and revitalization of telecommunication infrastructure. Communication outages have been prevalent due to lack of equipment and incompatibility of the equipments (Smith Messina, 2004). The problem of lack of communication and organization should be addressed, because it is the prime avenue that ensures efficiency of response and rescue operations. The public is regarded as a credible source of information that aids the organization in conducting its operations. Communication will guide respondents on the exact areas that are facing the significant event. Furthermore, proper communication is essential in efficient functioning of the organization. The organization will ensure that right personnel are available, and that information flows through the right channels. It will also stipulate the right response and command chain, which will facilitate easier transfer of information. The prevalence of poor communication and organization in the Departtment of Homeland Security impacts people and departments, both internally and externally. For instance, the discrepancy is associated with other federal agencies such as CIA and FBI. American citizens feel insecure due to lack of communication and organization in federal agency they trust. As such, they are frustrated, anxious, and feel insecure. The government is also accountable in ensuring security of its citizens through DHS and other federal agencies. As a result, any deficiency in the department will impact negatively on the performance track of the present administration. The challenge can be overcome through structural changes, which will ensure effectiveness of the organization. The organization servers as an umbrella of other agencies and as such, federal agencies that perform different functions should not merge; this will ensure that the organizations perform their obligations effectively. The government of the United States through legislations has tried to counter the deficiencies that are being experienced by federal agencies, especially the Department of Homeland Security. The legislations seek to ensure that communication instruments are compatible, and that in case of a significant event there is an immediate response and recovery of telecommunication infrastructure. In conclusion, it is extremely important for federal agencies to have efficient communication network. The Department of Homeland Security should ensure that the challenge is improved in order to enhance terrorism attacks protection. Credible information in public domain can also be accessed through efficient communication channels. The organization can track the movements and plans of terrorist using intelligence that can be sourced easily from public domain. As such, adoption of technological tools in different aspects of management and communication is crucial in ensuring that the challenge is averted. It is the responsibility of the government and management of the federal agencies to ensure that the problem is prevented. Buy custom Homeland Security essay

Project planning exercise Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project planning exercise - Coursework Example However, on the table the timing is not indicated as it is counted as no work is done on that particular day. Free float is one day. This because the earliest time to complete the activity is day two and the earliest time to start the preceding action is day 3.So they there is an extra fee day floating for the workers to relax for the next activity. In activity C, the latest time to start the activity is day four, the earliest time to start the activity is day four. In this case, the total float is one day. However, the free float is three days. It is a minimal time that the workers would require to embark on activity D. The action begins on day six of the scheduled time. The earliest time to purchase the kits is day five because the workers are free on that particular day. The latest time to buy the tools would be on day six when the activity begins. The total floating time would then be one day. On the other hand, free float only one day before embarking on the purchase of the furniture. Free float is only one day because the activity is not very exhausting so the workers would need minimal time to relax. This activity begins on day eight, and it is required that by day thirteenth, all the activities scheduled for that day is finished. The total float time for the activity is just one day. Free float five days. It is because the earliest time expected to complete the business would be day twelve and the earliest time to start the action would be day seven. This action starts on day thirteenth and is expected to be done by day eighteenth. The total float time one day, free float is five days because the earliest time to begin the activity is day twelve and the earliest time expected to be finished the activity is day seventeen. The activity is expected to be done within seven days. The earliest time to start the activity is day seventeen and the earliest time to finish the activity is day

Does the use of prophylactic antibiotics ensure the prevention of Research Paper

Does the use of prophylactic antibiotics ensure the prevention of surgical site infections - Research Paper Example Several strategies have been suggested to improve antibiotic prophylaxis (AP), including: providing education or individualized feedback to clinicians; establishing multidisciplinary protocols to ameliorate team-level communication; implementing institutional antibiotic prophylaxis programs involving integrated systems to reduce, curtail or control the administration of antibiotics (Gagliardi, Fenech, Eskicioglu, Nathens & McLeod, 2009). With the goal of optimizing antibiotic prophylaxis of surgical-site infections a multidisciplinary approach has been recently revised by Olin (Olin, 2006). The author presents the main points in prescribing, dispensing, and administration practices to achieve 100% compliance with antibiotic prophylaxis, and he cites in particular: initiating prophylactic antimicrobials within one hour of surgical incision, by choosing them according to guidelines, and discontinuing antimicrobial prophylaxis within 24 hours after surgery (Olin, 2006). A crucial issue in antibiotic-based peri-operative prophylaxis is the timing of antibiotic delivery. Although there is a general agreement on recommending antibiotic treatment within one to two hours of incision for patients undergoing surgery, contrasting results demand further research. Several clinical studies continue to be published yearly, aiming at optimizing the timing of antibiotic treatments (Gupta, Hote, Choudhury, Kapil & Bisoi, 2010). The purpose of my assay is to evaluate a recently published evidence-based nursing research aimed to assess the effects of the SURPASS checklist on implementation on antibiotic prophylaxis (de Vries, Dijkstra, Smorenburg, Meijer & Boermeester, 2010). SURPASS is the acronym for SURgical Patient Safety System, a checklist previously developed by the same authors of the study hereby analyzed, which was aimed to increase standardization surgical procedures and patient safety (de Vries, Hollmann, Smorenburg, Gouma & Boermeester, 2009). Research study synopsis and analysis De Vries et al. (2010) performed a retrospective analysis on two cohorts of patients who underwent surgery before and after implementation of the SURPASS checklist, with the specific aim to determine whether the introduction of the implemented SURPASS checklist affected the timing of antibiotic prophylaxis. Importantly, the retrospectively collected data (including those extracted from the electronic patient data management system) were validated by observations, in which actual times of antibiotic administration and incision were recorded. This approach validated the use of electronic records of hospitalized patient management. A total of 772 surgical procedures were included in the study, divided in two cohorts treated with pre- and post-implementation (PI) checklist, respectively. Patient characteristics were listed in Table 1 of the paper. The latter and the use of a PI checklist were independent variables. Dependent variables were the intervals between antibiotics administration and incision (Figure 2 of the paper), expressed as a function of checklist implementation, i.e. in surgery performed before or after checklist implementation. Since in the PI cohort the checklist was actually used in

Stop and Frisk Essay Example for Free

Stop and Frisk Essay The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution protects people against unreasonable searches and seizures. Modern officials have granted police officers in New York City an incentive to respect the amendment. The Stop and Frisk program employed by the New York Police Department, gives police officers the right to initiate a stop of an individual on the street allegedly and do a quick search of their outer clothes for weapons based on if the officer has a reasonable suspicion that a crime has or is about to take place and the person stopped is armed or dangerous. This reasonable suspicion is not based with specific facts but from the hunches from New York Police officers. Stop and frisk has been a New York Police Department tool for decades, but in recent years it has generated an increased amount of disapproval and debate due to the disturbing rate in communities of color, who often feel under attack and harassed by the police. Minorities make up the majority percentage of people searched in predominantly white neighborhoods, which is why I believe that either some kind of quota or limit should be implicated where only a certain percentage of people stopped can be of a specific race or from specific neighborhood, or New York City should just get rid of the program all together. In 2011 alone, 700,000 New Yorkers were pulled over for stop and frisk searches. Approximately 87 percent were Hispanic or Black and of that percentage 90 percent were deemed innocent (Huffington Post). In comparison, from 2002 to 2011 Hispanics and Blacks made up 90 percent of people stopped, and 88 percent of those stopped were innocent New Yorker (New York Civil Liberties Union). If racial profiling in this case was effective that would be one thing, but there has yet to be any published research that has proven the effectiveness of this program, which is shown in the lack of arrests produced. Violent crimes in New York have decreased by 29 percent between 2001 and 2010; however, other major cities, such as Los Angeles and New Orleans, have experience larger declines without the use of stop and frisk (New York Civil Liberties Union). This is a clear example of why this program; that causes more harm than good, should be abolished. Every American citizen has the constitutional right from unreasonable search and seizure. This epidemic affects too many people for it to be ignored any longer. My own brother and his peers faced being stopped and frisked just because of they were African Americans in a predominantly white neighborhood. Neither my brother nor his peers were a threat, possessed a weapon, or had a criminal record of any kind. Under the stop and frisk exception, the police can stop you on the street and pat you down for anything illegal as long as they have suspicion. Don’t wait until you are personally affected by this unconstitutional procedure before you take a stand against it.